Formation of dendritic and free protocells on the surface of abiotic thermal protein TP9 moistened by 1% sodium chloride at 60 C: Viewed at 1000 X. Protocells form within 90 seconds. Synthesis of TP9 and videomicroscopy by R. Grubbs; Frame selection on homepage banner and above by A. Pappelis. Protocells are 3 um in diameter.
Multiprotocells of thermal protein SIU-2 showing "collar" linkages. Diameters range from 0.3-0.6 um. These protocells were observed in 1990 using SEM by A. Pappelis and J.J. Bozzola; assisted by Valerie Kupferer, R. Tindall, and Julie Rowell. Thermal protein SIU-2 was synthesized by J.J. Veremis. Note the variation in size and shape.
Protocells and extraprotocellular thermal protein matrix (dendritic network) of SIU-2 discovered in 1990 by A. Pappelis and J.J. Bozzola (SEM 2500 X).
Metallo-(iron)-thermal protein SIU-23 showing protocells in multicellular array. Note the variations in size and "collar" systems. Extraprotocellular matrix with embedded protocells form a "honeycomb." Protocell sizes are approximately 3 um. First observed 1990.