ANS 381: Planning and Presenting
your Oral Presentation

I.	Preliminary analysis and planning of your oral 
	presentation.

	Questions to ask yourself:

	A.	Why am I speaking on this subject (problem)?
	B.	To whom am I speaking (lay person, executive, expert)?
	C.	What does the listener (audience) want or need to 
		know?
	D.	Am I supposed to offer a solution to the problem?
	E.	Do I expect the listener to take any action?	
		If so, what action?
	F.	Do I want questions, suggestions, or comments from 
		the audience?
	G.	What is the purpose of my oral report?  Is it to 
		communicate information?
  		To motivate my audience to accept my conclusions and 
		recommendations?
		To stimulate them to take action?

II.	Gathering and organizing  information

	A.	Use card catalogs, indices, reference sections, etc.
		--computers!!!
	B.	Read and take notes on relevant information
	C.	Develop a working outline, group information by category.
	D.	Read more articles than you use. 

III.	Composing the oral presentation

	A.	Introduction--States the idea of your presentation.

		1.	Capture the attention of your audience.
			a.  First few sentences must interest your 
				listeners.
			b.  Humor--can help, but can also be dangerous.
			c.  Begin with a visual aid or sound effect.
		2.	Introduce subject of your report.
			a.  Clearly state objectives.
		3.	Establish your credibility for your conclusions 
			and thesis.

	B.	Body--Develops the idea.

		1.	Explain subject in detail to accomplish the 
			objectives of your presentation.
		2.	Methods for developing the Body.
			a.  Examples illustrating points.  (Visuals)
			b.  Repetition of the major points.
			c.  Statistics sparingly used, and projected as 
				visuals.
			d.  Comparisons and contrasts to touch the 
				experience of the audience.
			e.  State expert source of subject.

	C.	Conclusion--Reinstates and reinforces the idea.

		1.	The last thing you say is as important as the first 
			in which you gained your audience's attention.
		2.	Deliver the "payload."
			a.  Review the purpose (objectives) of your 
				presentation.
			b.  Summarize and underscore the main points.
			c.  Make a conclusion from those points.
		3.	Keep short and to the point.

IV.	Practicing the delivery.

	A.	"Practice makes perfect"
	B.	Rehearse as closely to the actual speech situation as 
		possible.
		1.	Practice standing up.
		2.	Practice holding your notes.
		3.	Practice using visual aids.
		4.	Practice in room that your giving presentation in 
			or imagine it.
		5.	Practice in front of friends, in tape recorder or 
			in front of mirror.

V.	Delivering the Oral Report.
	
	A.	Breathing
		--Take big breath before you start, breath often during 
			presentation.
	B.	Pitch
		--Voice inflection makes presentation more interesting.
	C.	Voice Quality
		--Resonance adds richness to sound.
	D.	Intensity
		--Be loud enough for everyone to hear, speak slightly 
			louder that conversation.
	E.	Rate
		--Speaking too fast or too slow will irritate and lose your 
			audience.
	F.	Pause
		--Pauses draw attention to important points and help in 
			breathing.
	G.	Pronunciation
		--Make sure you pronounce words correctly
	H.	Enunciation
		--Speak clearly and precisely
	I.	Body Language
		--Try to appear self-confident and relaxed.
		--Eye contact is very important.
		--Avoid distracting gestures:  scratching, excessive 
			walking, etc.
	J.	Visual Aids (See Below)

VI.	Visual Aids

	A.	Function
		1.	Keep audience interested.
		2.	Present information in clearer fashion
		3.	Help audience retain information.
	B.	Types of visual aids.
		1.	Models
		2.	Graphs
		3.	Maps
		4.	Charts
		5.	Photos
		6.	Drawings
		7.	Short Printed Passages
	C.	Keep Simple and readable.
	D.	Explain in detail.